Psychology exam 1 chapters 1 4 - Terms in this set (115) Social Psychology and Sociology differ in: level of analysis. The idea that we will protect our self-esteem by attempting to justify past behavior leads to the prediction that. choosing to go through an unpleasant experience will lead us to value the outcomes of that experience.

 
Psychology began as a science in the disciple of. philosophy. Behavior is _______. Mental processes are ______. Observable. Private. This school of thought involves an analyst's unlocking a person's unconscious conflicts by talking with the individual about his or her childhood memories, dreams, thoughts, and feelings. Psychoanalysis. . Amy and jacky

using uniform, consistent, procedures in all phases of data collection. Hypothesis. tentative and testable statement about the relationship between causes and consequences. Determinism. the idea that all events are determined by specific casual factors (physical, mental, and behavioral) Theory. 4 D's to characterize abnormality: 1. Deviance (different, extreme, bizarre) 2. Distress (unpleasant and upsetting) 3. dysfunction (interfering with functioning) 4. danger (has potential to/does produce harm to self and others)Exam #1: Abnormal Psychology: Chapters 1-4. An experimental design, often involving a single subject, wherein a baseline period (A) is followed by a treatment (B). To confirm that the treatment resulted in a change in behavior, the treatment is then withdrawn (A) and reinstated (B).Define psychology. the scientific study of mind and behavior. Goals of psychologists in terms of both basic science and application. psychologists seek to understand how and why people think, feel, and act. goals: 1. describe, 2. explain, 3. predict, and 4. influence behavior and mental processes. Basic Research- accumulating knowledge research. Terms in this set (271) Psychoanalytic theories. development in unconscious processes by emotion. Two types of fibers. (1) axon (2) dendrites. Fetal period. two months after impregnation. Behavior genetics. The influence of heredity and environment on differences in traits and development. Psychology Exam #1 Chapters 1-4 + Statistics appendix Chapter 2 Studying behavior Scientifically Key words: -Claim -Evidence -Quality -Plausible explanations -Additional evidence -Most reasonable conclusion Gathering Evidence: Steps in the Scientific Process Step 1: IDENTIFY question of interest Kitty Genovese is murdered.Start studying Social Psychology Exam 1 Chapters 1-4. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.Cross Cultural Perspective. Studying the influences of culture on behavior. Scientific Method. Step 1: Formulate a testable hypothesis. Step 2: Design the study and collect the data-Descriptive & Experimental data. Step 3: Analyze the data and draw conclusions-Meta analysis. Step 4: Report the findings. Ginkgo Biloba.Feb 14, 2023 · Psychology Exam 1 (Chapters 1-4) Questions and 100% Correct Answers. Psychology - ANSWER 1. Early: acquired the meaning "study of the mind" 2. Current: scientific study of human and animal behavior and mental processes Wilhem Wundt - ANSWER -Founder of Psychology G. Stanley Hall - ANSWER -Brought Psychology to America Sigmund Frued - ANSWER ... a research method in which researchers quantify perceptual or cognitive processes in response to a specific stimulus. electroencephalogram (EEG) a device that measures electrical activity in the brain. brain imaging. a range of experimental techniques that make brain structures and brain activity visible. Terms in this set (66) Pseudoscience. a collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded as being based on scientific method. Empirical. Able to be observed. Falsifiable. It is the principle that in hypothesis testing a proposition or theory cannot be considered scientific if it does not admit the possibility of being shown to be false.scientific method. a systematic procedure of observing and measuring phenomena to answer questions about what happens, when it happens, what causes it, and why. theory. a model of interconnected ideas and concepts that explains what is observed and makes predictions about future events.Define psychology. the scientific study of mind and behavior. Goals of psychologists in terms of both basic science and application. psychologists seek to understand how and why people think, feel, and act. goals: 1. describe, 2. explain, 3. predict, and 4. influence behavior and mental processes. Basic Research- accumulating knowledge research. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO NORMAL AND ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS Questions in abnormal children seek to address: o Defining normal and abnormal behavior for all different children o ID causes and correlates of abnormal behavior o Make predictions of long-term outcomes o Develop treatment & prevention Distinguishing between child and adolescent disorders o When adults ...CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO NORMAL AND ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS Questions in abnormal children seek to address: o Defining normal and abnormal behavior for all different children o ID causes and correlates of abnormal behavior o Make predictions of long-term outcomes o Develop treatment & prevention Distinguishing between child and adolescent disorders o When adults ...Psychology Exam 1: Chapters 1-4. Flashcards. Learn. Test. Match. Term. 1 / 65. What is Psychology? Click the card to flip 👆 ...Psychoanalysis is the study of unconscious mind and how it affects a person's thoughts, feelings, and emotions. Behaviorism. an approach that advocates that psychologists restrict themselves to the scientific study objectively observable behavior. Cognitive Psychology. the scientific study of mental processes including perception, thought ...TEST 1: Chapters 1,2,3 & 4 Abnormal Psychology Chapter One : Past and Present Abnormal Psychology: o The scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to described, predict, explain and change abnormal patterns of functioning o Many definitions have been proposed, yet none has won total acceptance o Abnormal: against the norm o The Four D’s of Abnormal Behavior: Deviance – deviation ... Cross Cultural Perspective. Studying the influences of culture on behavior. Scientific Method. Step 1: Formulate a testable hypothesis. Step 2: Design the study and collect the data-Descriptive & Experimental data. Step 3: Analyze the data and draw conclusions-Meta analysis. Step 4: Report the findings. Ginkgo Biloba. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Charlie and Lucy are both psychologists studying the effects of a new medication to treat anxiety. They live in different states and work for different universities. Charlie completed his study on the new medication 6 months ago and has published the results. Lucy read about the study and wants to repeat the study with different ... Start studying Psychology Exam 1: Chapter 1, 2 & 4. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.Psychology Exam #1 (Chapters 1-4) Term. 1 / 207. Psychology. Click the card to flip 👆. Definition. 1 / 207. Science of behavior and mental processes. Click the card to flip 👆. Cross-Cultural Psychology Exam #1, Chapters 1-4. A sub-discipline within psychology that examines the cultural foundations of psychological processes and human behavior. It includes theoretical and methodological frameworks that posit an important role for culture and its influence on mental processes behavior, and vice versa.a number that always ranges from -1 to +1; an important statistic for measuring how strongly two factors are related (high absolute value = more strongly correlated) Developmental Psychopathology an approach to abnormal psychology that emphasizes how abnormal behavior develops and changes over time1. Changing concepts of childhood 2. Changing concepts of old age 3. Changing ideas of the adult lifeVerified answer. business. An industrial sewing machine uses ball bearings that are targeted to have a diameter of 0.75 0.75 inch. The lower and upper specification limits under which the ball bearings can operate are 0.74 0.74 inch and 0.76 0.76 inch, respectively. Past experience has indicated that the actual diameter of the ball bearings is ... 1.) The perceiver (the "prophet") forms an impression of the target person. 2.) The perceiver acts toward the target person in a manner consistent with this first impression. 3.) In response, the target's behavior changes to correspond to the perceiver's actions. EX. Terms in this set (271) Psychoanalytic theories. development in unconscious processes by emotion. Two types of fibers. (1) axon (2) dendrites. Fetal period. two months after impregnation. Behavior genetics. The influence of heredity and environment on differences in traits and development. Verified answer. business. An industrial sewing machine uses ball bearings that are targeted to have a diameter of 0.75 0.75 inch. The lower and upper specification limits under which the ball bearings can operate are 0.74 0.74 inch and 0.76 0.76 inch, respectively. Past experience has indicated that the actual diameter of the ball bearings is ... a number that always ranges from -1 to +1; an important statistic for measuring how strongly two factors are related (high absolute value = more strongly correlated) Developmental Psychopathology an approach to abnormal psychology that emphasizes how abnormal behavior develops and changes over timeTerms in this set (115) Social Psychology and Sociology differ in: level of analysis. The idea that we will protect our self-esteem by attempting to justify past behavior leads to the prediction that. choosing to go through an unpleasant experience will lead us to value the outcomes of that experience. Prepare journal entries for each of the following: a. Issued a check to establish a petty cash fund of $1,150. b. The amount of cash in the petty cash fund is$250. Issued a check to replenish the fund, based on the following summary of petty cash receipts: repair expense, $725 and miscellaneous selling expense,$150.scientific method. a systematic procedure of observing and measuring phenomena to answer questions about what happens, when it happens, what causes it, and why. theory. a model of interconnected ideas and concepts that explains what is observed and makes predictions about future events. 1.) The perceiver (the "prophet") forms an impression of the target person. 2.) The perceiver acts toward the target person in a manner consistent with this first impression. 3.) In response, the target's behavior changes to correspond to the perceiver's actions. EX. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Charlie and Lucy are both psychologists studying the effects of a new medication to treat anxiety. They live in different states and work for different universities. Charlie completed his study on the new medication 6 months ago and has published the results. Lucy read about the study and wants to repeat the study with different ...using uniform, consistent, procedures in all phases of data collection. Hypothesis. tentative and testable statement about the relationship between causes and consequences. Determinism. the idea that all events are determined by specific casual factors (physical, mental, and behavioral) Theory.Psychological tests (assessment instruments) produced for measuring personality traits, abilities, interests. Objective tests - measure what individual is aware of. Projective tests - tap into unconscious feelings or motives. Scoring usually by norms. Advantages: info on personality traits, etc.Start studying psy 3213 exam 1 (chapters 1 - 4). Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Terms in this set (70) Industrial-Organizational (I-O) psychology. the application of the methods, facts, and principles of the science of behavior and mental processes at work. Hawthorne studies. a long-term research program at the Hawthorne, Illinois, Western Electric Company plant. It documented the influence of a variety of managerial and ...Terms in this set (70) Industrial-Organizational (I-O) psychology. the application of the methods, facts, and principles of the science of behavior and mental processes at work. Hawthorne studies. a long-term research program at the Hawthorne, Illinois, Western Electric Company plant. It documented the influence of a variety of managerial and ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like abnormal psychology, continuum model of abnormality, the four D's and more.Psychology 101 Study Guide, Exam #1 Chapter 1: The Science of Mind I. Psychology 1. What is psychology? 2. Scientific study II. Ways of Classifying Psychologists 1. Training A. Clinical Psychology B. Cognitive Psychology C. Developmental Psychology D. Evolutionary Psychology E. Social Psychology F. Biological Psychology 2.Psychology began as a science in the disciple of. philosophy. Behavior is _______. Mental processes are ______. Observable. Private. This school of thought involves an analyst's unlocking a person's unconscious conflicts by talking with the individual about his or her childhood memories, dreams, thoughts, and feelings. Psychoanalysis. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like abnormal psychology, continuum model of abnormality, the four D's and more.Terms in this set (138) What two disciplines did psychology develop from? Philosophy and physiology. 3 Misconceptions of Psychology. Three misconceptions include: - Psychology is all about treating and studying mental disorders. - Psychology is based on logic and intuition. -Psychologists are best at predicting individual behavior as opposed to ... 1. All domains of development are interrelated- Physical, cognitive, and psychosocial domains affects others in complex interactions. 2. Normal development includes a wide range of individual differences. 3. Influences are bidirectional- Children affect the environment around them as much as the environment shapes them. 4. 1. All domains of development are interrelated- Physical, cognitive, and psychosocial domains affects others in complex interactions. 2. Normal development includes a wide range of individual differences. 3. Influences are bidirectional- Children affect the environment around them as much as the environment shapes them. 4. Terms in this set (70) Industrial-Organizational (I-O) psychology. the application of the methods, facts, and principles of the science of behavior and mental processes at work. Hawthorne studies. a long-term research program at the Hawthorne, Illinois, Western Electric Company plant. It documented the influence of a variety of managerial and ...using uniform, consistent, procedures in all phases of data collection. Hypothesis. tentative and testable statement about the relationship between causes and consequences. Determinism. the idea that all events are determined by specific casual factors (physical, mental, and behavioral) Theory.Terms in this set (138) What two disciplines did psychology develop from? Philosophy and physiology. 3 Misconceptions of Psychology. Three misconceptions include: - Psychology is all about treating and studying mental disorders. - Psychology is based on logic and intuition. -Psychologists are best at predicting individual behavior as opposed to ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Sport psychology specialists have three roles. These include: a. teaching, researching, and consulting. b. teaching, administration, and consulting. c. research, administration, and teaching. d. teaching, intervention, and research. e. intervention, teaching, and consulting., Which of the following will the field of sport and ...PSYC 1101 Exam 1: Chapters 1-4. psychology. Click the card to flip 👆. the science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie behavior, and it is the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems; "the study of the mind". Click the card to flip 👆. Psychology Exam 1 (Chapters 1,2,3,4) Because the changes that occur over time are patterned and orderly, human development is considered a (n) ________ process. Click the card to flip 👆. Systematic.Psych 100 Exam 1 (Chapters 1-4) Get a hint. Psychology. Click the card to flip 👆. The Scientific study of thought and behavior. Click the card to flip 👆. 1 / 118. Psychoanalysis is the study of unconscious mind and how it affects a person's thoughts, feelings, and emotions. Behaviorism. an approach that advocates that psychologists restrict themselves to the scientific study objectively observable behavior. Cognitive Psychology. the scientific study of mental processes including perception, thought ...View Test prep - Exam #1 Answer Key Chapters (1-3) from PSYC 101 at Bryant & Stratton College. PSYC 101: Principles of Psychology Exam- Chapters 1-3 Multiple Choice 1. (p. 49) _ carry messagesVerified answer. business. An industrial sewing machine uses ball bearings that are targeted to have a diameter of 0.75 0.75 inch. The lower and upper specification limits under which the ball bearings can operate are 0.74 0.74 inch and 0.76 0.76 inch, respectively. Past experience has indicated that the actual diameter of the ball bearings is ... a research method in which researchers quantify perceptual or cognitive processes in response to a specific stimulus. electroencephalogram (EEG) a device that measures electrical activity in the brain. brain imaging. a range of experimental techniques that make brain structures and brain activity visible.scientific method. a systematic procedure of observing and measuring phenomena to answer questions about what happens, when it happens, what causes it, and why. theory. a model of interconnected ideas and concepts that explains what is observed and makes predictions about future events. Start studying Social Psychology Exam 1 (Chapters 1,4,6). Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.Social psychology test 1... 28 cards Lauren D. W1 what is social psych PY2503... 13 cards. Social Psych Chapter 2... 24 cards Emelinda V. social cognition / test 1 ...standardization - to see if test is clear and consistent all the time; refers to norms, test is administered in same way, interpreted in same way; reliable - always yields the same results in the specific situation; valid - measures what is is supposed to measureStart studying psy 3213 exam 1 (chapters 1 - 4). Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.Collect information about individuals and small groups. Research Methhod: Survey. To learn about behaivoir and mental processes that cannot be observed in the natural setting or studied experimentally. Research Methhod: Experiment. TEST 1: Chapters 1,2,3 & 4 Abnormal Psychology Chapter One : Past and Present Abnormal Psychology: o The scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to described, predict, explain and change abnormal patterns of functioning o Many definitions have been proposed, yet none has won total acceptance o Abnormal: against the norm o The Four D’s of Abnormal Behavior: Deviance – deviation ...using uniform, consistent, procedures in all phases of data collection. Hypothesis. tentative and testable statement about the relationship between causes and consequences. Determinism. the idea that all events are determined by specific casual factors (physical, mental, and behavioral) Theory.Psychological tests (assessment instruments) produced for measuring personality traits, abilities, interests. Objective tests - measure what individual is aware of. Projective tests - tap into unconscious feelings or motives. Scoring usually by norms. Advantages: info on personality traits, etc.1.) The perceiver (the "prophet") forms an impression of the target person. 2.) The perceiver acts toward the target person in a manner consistent with this first impression. 3.) In response, the target's behavior changes to correspond to the perceiver's actions. EX. Terms in this set (138) What two disciplines did psychology develop from? Philosophy and physiology. 3 Misconceptions of Psychology. Three misconceptions include: - Psychology is all about treating and studying mental disorders. - Psychology is based on logic and intuition. -Psychologists are best at predicting individual behavior as opposed to ... Psychology Exam 1: Chapters 1-4. Flashcards. Learn. Test. Match. Term. 1 / 65. What is Psychology? Click the card to flip 👆 ...1. All domains of development are interrelated- Physical, cognitive, and psychosocial domains affects others in complex interactions. 2. Normal development includes a wide range of individual differences. 3. Influences are bidirectional- Children affect the environment around them as much as the environment shapes them. 4.Psychology Exam #1 (Chapters 1-4) Term. 1 / 207. Psychology. Click the card to flip 👆. Definition. 1 / 207. Science of behavior and mental processes. Click the card to flip 👆.INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY. UNIT1 EXAM. TAKE HOME EXAM CHAPTERS 1 and 4. DR.KUNNU. Chapter 1 : THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY 1. The goals of psychology are to _____. a) explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind b) understand, compare, and analyze human behavior c) improve psychological well-being in all individuals from birth until death d) describe, explain, predict, and ...Psychology began as a science in the disciple of. philosophy. Behavior is _______. Mental processes are ______. Observable. Private. This school of thought involves an analyst's unlocking a person's unconscious conflicts by talking with the individual about his or her childhood memories, dreams, thoughts, and feelings. Psychoanalysis. Sample Decks: Chapter 1- Introducing Social Psychology, ... Sample Decks: Chapter 1 - 4 exam, Exam 2 Chapter 5-8, Exam 3 - Chapter 9 - 13 Show Class social psychology.Social psychology test 1... 28 cards Lauren D. W1 what is social psych PY2503... 13 cards. Social Psych Chapter 2... 24 cards Emelinda V. social cognition / test 1 ...Psychological tests (assessment instruments) produced for measuring personality traits, abilities, interests. Objective tests - measure what individual is aware of. Projective tests - tap into unconscious feelings or motives. Scoring usually by norms. Advantages: info on personality traits, etc.Cognitive Psychology Exam 1. 79 terms. megank51. Cognitive Psychology EXAM 1. 156 terms. ... Cognitive Psychology Chapter 1. 45 terms. rameenrajani7. Cognitive Psych ... 1. Dopamine: pleasurable emotions, voluntary movement 2. Serotonin: mood, sleep, hunger 3. ACh: voluntary movement, attention, arousal, memory 4. Endorphins: pain relief and response to stress, pleasure 5. Norepinephrine: mood and arousal 6. Oxytocin: "love hormone" that acts like a neurotransmitter in the brainPsychology Exam 1 (Chapters 1-4) Flashcards. Learn. Test. Match. Definition of Psychology. Click the card to flip 👆 ... abnormality exists on a continuum model of abnormality that views mental disorders not as categorically different from "normal" experiences but as lying somewhere along a continuum from healthy, functional behaviors, thoughts, and feelings to unhealthy, dysfunctional behaviors, thoughts, and feelings

standardization - to see if test is clear and consistent all the time; refers to norms, test is administered in same way, interpreted in same way; reliable - always yields the same results in the specific situation; valid - measures what is is supposed to measure. Chicks with dick

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Example: An illness-induced taste aversion was conditioned in rats by pairing saccharin (CS) with an immunosuppressive agent (US). Ader and Cohen (1975) said that if conditioning affects the body's evident physiological responses, it will affect the immune system as well.A) Biochemistry. B) Brain Structure. C) None of these answers. D) Genes. B) Brain Structure. Which of the following neurotransmitters is a important to consider when considering biological factors of psychopathology. A) All of these are important neurotransmitters when considering psychology. B) Norepinephrine. 1. Dopamine: pleasurable emotions, voluntary movement 2. Serotonin: mood, sleep, hunger 3. ACh: voluntary movement, attention, arousal, memory 4. Endorphins: pain relief and response to stress, pleasure 5. Norepinephrine: mood and arousal 6. Oxytocin: "love hormone" that acts like a neurotransmitter in the brainTerms in this set (89) Statistics. a branch of mathematics used to summarize, analyze, and interpret a group of numbers or observations. Data. (plural) are measurements or observations that are typically numeric; a datum (singular) is a single measurement or observation, usually referred to as a score or raw score.Verified answer. business math. (a) A competitive firm receives a price p p for each unit of its output, and pays a price w w for each unit of its only variable input. It also incurs set-up costs of F F. Its output from using x x units of variable input is f (x)=\sqrt {x} f (x) = x.Define psychology. the scientific study of mind and behavior. Goals of psychologists in terms of both basic science and application. psychologists seek to understand how and why people think, feel, and act. goals: 1. describe, 2. explain, 3. predict, and 4. influence behavior and mental processes. Basic Research- accumulating knowledge research.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like abnormal psychology, continuum model of abnormality, the four D's and more.Lecture Exam 1 (Chapters 1-3) A&P. 200 terms. Bailey_Schiffmann11 PLUS. ... Social Psychology 10th Edition Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy ... Terms in this set (70) Industrial-Organizational (I-O) psychology. the application of the methods, facts, and principles of the science of behavior and mental processes at work. Hawthorne studies. a long-term research program at the Hawthorne, Illinois, Western Electric Company plant. It documented the influence of a variety of managerial and ... Psychology Exam 1 (Chapters 1,2,3,4) Because the changes that occur over time are patterned and orderly, human development is considered a (n) ________ process. Click the card to flip 👆. Systematic. Terms in this set (271) Psychoanalytic theories. development in unconscious processes by emotion. Two types of fibers. (1) axon (2) dendrites. Fetal period. two months after impregnation. Behavior genetics. The influence of heredity and environment on differences in traits and development.occipital lobe. The hemispheres of the brain are connected by a bundle of fibers called the. corpus calloseum. The sorting out, interpretation, analysis and integration of stimuli by te sense organs and brain is known as. perception. The ___ is a dark hole in the center of the ___ the colored part of the eye. INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY. UNIT1 EXAM. TAKE HOME EXAM CHAPTERS 1 and 4. DR.KUNNU. Chapter 1 : THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY 1. The goals of psychology are to _____. a) explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind b) understand, compare, and analyze human behavior c) improve psychological well-being in all individuals from birth until death d) describe, explain, predict, and ...Verified answer. business. An industrial sewing machine uses ball bearings that are targeted to have a diameter of 0.75 0.75 inch. The lower and upper specification limits under which the ball bearings can operate are 0.74 0.74 inch and 0.76 0.76 inch, respectively. Past experience has indicated that the actual diameter of the ball bearings is ... Designing a new study based on information from a previous study. D. Designing a new study using new ideas and information. Correct Answer. A. The repetition of a study, using different participants. 7. Henry was adopted and is genetically predisposed toward alcoholism.Terms in this set (138) What two disciplines did psychology develop from? Philosophy and physiology. 3 Misconceptions of Psychology. Three misconceptions include: - Psychology is all about treating and studying mental disorders. - Psychology is based on logic and intuition. -Psychologists are best at predicting individual behavior as opposed to ... Social psychology test 1... 28 cards Lauren D. W1 what is social psych PY2503... 13 cards. Social Psych Chapter 2... 24 cards Emelinda V. social cognition / test 1 ... Start studying Psychology Exam 1 (Chapters 1-4). Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.Start studying Psychology 401- Exam #1 (Chapters 1, 4, 6). Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.TEST 1: Chapters 1,2,3 & 4 Abnormal Psychology Chapter One : Past and Present Abnormal Psychology: o The scientific study of abnormal behavior in an effort to described, predict, explain and change abnormal patterns of functioning o Many definitions have been proposed, yet none has won total acceptance o Abnormal: against the norm o The Four D’s of Abnormal Behavior: Deviance – deviation ... .

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